中文里两个动词可以直接挨着用，而且谁都不变形：喜欢读书、想去、避免吃甜食、记得关灯。英语不行，第二个动词必须选一个形式——doing 或者 to do——而选哪个，几乎完全取决于前面那个词。中国学习者最常见的做法是「凭感觉」或者「默认用 to」，于是写出 *I enjoy to read、*I'm looking forward to see you 这类句子。另一个陷阱是 remember、stop、regret 这几个动词：中文「记得锁门」和「记得见过他」用的是同一个「记得」，英语却要分成 remember to lock 和 remember meeting。
速记规则：介词（at / for / about / to 作介词时）→ doing；enjoy / avoid / mind / give up / admit / deny → doing；hope / promise / agree / afford / manage / pretend → to do；allow / advise 带宾语 → to do，不带宾语 → doing；remember / forget / stop / regret / mean → 看意思（过去的事或「做这件事本身」用 doing，将要做的事或目的用 to do）。下面 30 题分三级：基础（动词搭配与介词）、进阶（意思会变的动词与 be used to）、挑战（被动动名词、完成式与考试常见句型），每级 10 题。
doing 还是 to do：30 题测验
基础 · 动词搭配与介词
My little sister is very good at ___ animals.
全部题目、答案与解析完成练习后展开核对。
1. My little sister is very good at ___ animals.
- draw
- drawing
- to draw
正确答案: drawing · at 是介词，介词后面的动词一律用 doing：good at drawing。中文「擅长画画」里「画」不变形，很多人就直接写 draw 或 to draw，这两个都不能放在介词后面。
2. Would you mind ___ the window? It's a bit cold in here.
- closing
- to close
- close
正确答案: closing · mind 只接 doing：Would you mind closing…?（你介意关一下……吗）。中文「介意关窗」没有任何形式提示，所以 mind 要整组记在「doing 派」里，to close 是典型的凭感觉选错。
3. We hope ___ you again at next year's conference.
- seeing
- see
- to see
正确答案: to see · hope 只接 to do：hope to see you。hope 指向还没发生的事，和 want、plan、expect 一样接不定式。hope seeing 是把 enjoy 的用法套过来了。
4. He promised ___ me with my maths homework after dinner.
- to help
- helping
- help
正确答案: to help · promise 接 to do：promised to help me（答应帮我）。承诺的内容是将来要做的事，所以用不定式。helping 放在 promised 后面不成立；help 原形前面缺了 to。
5. Thank you for ___ me to your birthday party.
- invite
- inviting
- to invite
正确答案: inviting · for 是介词，后面接 doing：Thank you for inviting me。中文「谢谢你邀请我」直接把动词接在后面，英语中间隔着介词 for，动词就必须变成 -ing。
6. If you want to sleep well, avoid ___ coffee in the evening.
- to drink
- drink
- drinking
正确答案: drinking · avoid 只接 doing：avoid drinking coffee。「避免喝咖啡」很容易被写成 avoid to drink，这是中国学生最高频的错误之一。avoid、enjoy、mind、finish、practise、suggest 都属于 doing 派。
7. After a long discussion, they agreed ___ the meeting to Friday.
- moving
- to move
- move
正确答案: to move · agree 接 to do：agreed to move the meeting（同意把会议改到周五）。agree 和 decide、promise、refuse 同组，表示对将来行动的决定或态度，所以用不定式。
8. ___ every day is good for your heart.
- Swimming
- Swim
- Swam
正确答案: Swimming · 动词做主语时，最常见的形式是动名词：Swimming every day is good…。中文「每天游泳对心脏好」可以直接拿动词开头，英语句首不能放动词原形 Swim，也不能放过去式 Swam。
9. I'd love a new phone, but I can't afford ___ one this year.
- buy
- buying
- to buy
正确答案: to buy · afford 接 to do：can't afford to buy（买不起）。afford 和 manage、fail 一样接不定式。can't afford buying 不是标准英语。
10. My uncle gave up ___ three years ago and feels much healthier now.
- smoking
- to smoke
- smoke
正确答案: smoking · give up 里的 up 是副词小品词，整个短语动词接 doing：gave up smoking（戒烟）。put off、carry on、keep on 也都接 doing。中文「戒烟」一个词搞定，英语要记住这个 -ing。
11. I clearly remember ___ him at a party last year — I even have a photo of us.
- meeting
- to meet
正确答案: meeting · remember doing 指「记得做过某事」，事情已经发生（去年聚会、还有合照）：remember meeting him。remember to meet 指「记得要去见」，是将来的事，与 last year 矛盾。中文两种都说「记得」，英语必须分开。
12. Don't forget ___ your passport — our flight leaves at six tomorrow morning.
- to bring
- bringing
正确答案: to bring · forget to do 指「忘了要去做」，事情还没做：Don't forget to bring your passport。forget doing 指「忘了做过某事」，用在提醒明天的事情上意思不通。
13. We had been driving for four hours, so we stopped ___ a coffee at a service station.
- having
- to have
正确答案: to have · stop to do 表示「停下来，为了去做另一件事」：停车是为了喝咖啡。stop having a coffee 意思是「不再喝咖啡」，和「开了四个小时车」的语境不符。中文「停下来喝杯咖啡」里的「喝」是目的，对应不定式。
14. My doctor told me to stop ___ so much sugar, and now I feel much better.
- to eat
- eating
正确答案: eating · stop doing 表示「停止正在做或一直在做的事」：stop eating so much sugar（别再吃那么多糖）。stop to eat 是「停下来去吃」，意思正好相反。
15. (Airport announcement) We regret ___ you that flight CA981 has been cancelled.
- to inform
- informing
正确答案: to inform · regret to do 是正式场合宣布坏消息的固定说法：We regret to inform you…（很遗憾地通知您）。regret informing 意思是「后悔已经通知了」，广播里当然不会这么说。
16. Looking back, I really regret ___ so much time on my phone during the summer holiday.
- to waste
- wasting
正确答案: wasting · regret doing 表示「后悔做过某事」，事情已经发生（暑假已过）：regret wasting so much time。regret to waste 不表达这个意思。中文「后悔浪费了时间」的「了」提示过去，英语靠 doing 体现。
17. Sorry, I meant ___ you last night, but I fell asleep on the sofa.
- calling
- to call
正确答案: to call · mean to do 表示「本来打算做」：I meant to call you（我本来想给你打电话）。mean doing 表示「意味着」，放在这里意思不通。
18. Taking the later train means ___ an extra hour at the station.
- waiting
- to wait
正确答案: waiting · mean doing 表示「意味着、就得」：坐晚一班车就意味着在车站多等一小时。主语是一件事（Taking the later train），不是人的打算，所以不能用 mean to do。
19. I'm really looking forward to ___ you at the graduation ceremony.
- see
- saw
- seeing
正确答案: seeing · look forward to 里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以后面接 doing：looking forward to seeing you。看到 to 就用原形，是这道题最经典的陷阱。同类还有 be used to、object to、when it comes to。
20. She has lived on a farm for years, so she is used to ___ up at five.
- got
- get
- getting
正确答案: getting · be used to doing 表示「习惯于做某事」，这里的 to 是介词：is used to getting up。不要和 used to do（过去常常）混淆——前面有 is 就说明是「习惯」，必须接 doing。
21. My grandparents used ___ in a small village, but now they live in Hangzhou.
- to live
- to living
- living
正确答案: to live · used to do（前面没有 be）表示「过去常常、过去是」，现在已经不是了：used to live。to living 只能出现在 be/get used to 后面，表示「习惯于」，这里没有 be，意思也不是「习惯」。
22. We're going for dinner tonight. Would you like ___ with us?
- coming
- come
- to come
正确答案: to come · would like 后面接 to do：Would you like to come…?（想不想一起来）。单独的 like 可以接 doing 也可以接 to do，但 would like / would love / would prefer 只接不定式。
23. My parents won't allow me ___ out after ten o'clock.
- going
- to go
- go
正确答案: to go · allow + 人 + to do：allow me to go out。allow 带了宾语（me）就用不定式；后面直接跟动词时才用 doing（见下一题）。go 原形少了 to，是把「让我出去」的「让」当成 let 来用了。
24. The museum doesn't allow ___ photos inside the galleries.
- taking
- to take
- take
正确答案: taking · allow 后面没有人作宾语时，接 doing：doesn't allow taking photos。allow to take 是中国学生很常见的错误——想用不定式，就必须补上宾语：doesn't allow visitors to take photos。advise、permit、recommend 同理。
25. If you're in Xi'an, the old city wall is really worth ___.
- to visit
- visiting
- visit
正确答案: visiting · be worth doing 是固定结构：is worth visiting（值得一去）。worth 后面不接不定式，所以 worth to visit 不成立。注意这里虽然城墙是「被参观」的，形式仍然是主动的 visiting。
26. I'm sixteen, and I object to ___ like a small child.
- be treated
- to be treated
- being treated
正确答案: being treated · object to 里的 to 是介词，后面接动名词；「被当作小孩对待」是被动，所以用被动动名词 being treated。to be treated 把 to 当成了不定式符号；be treated 原形不能放在介词后面。
27. The suspect denied ___ the money from the till.
- having taken
- to have taken
- to take
正确答案: having taken · deny 只接 doing，不接不定式：denied having taken（否认拿过钱），完成式强调「拿」发生在「否认」之前。说 denied taking 也对；选项里的 to have taken 和 to take 都违反了 deny 的搭配。
28. Although she had a high fever, she managed ___ the exam.
- passing
- to pass
- pass
正确答案: to pass · manage 接 to do：managed to pass（设法通过了、终于通过了）。中文「她还是考过了」没有「设法」二字也能表达，但英语用 manage 时后面只能是不定式。
29. When it comes to ___ a language, regular practice matters more than talent.
- learn
- learned
- learning
正确答案: learning · when it comes to（说到、谈到）里的 to 是介词，后接名词或 doing：when it comes to learning a language。和 look forward to、be used to 一样，是写作里最容易误用原形的结构。
30. I can't help ___ every time I watch this cartoon — it's so silly.
- laugh
- to laugh
- laughing
正确答案: laughing · can't help doing 表示「忍不住做某事」：can't help laughing。这里的 help 是「避免、控制」的意思，不是「帮助」，所以不能用 help (to) do 的结构。中文「忍不住笑」很容易被直译成 can't help to laugh。
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完整规则：哪些词接 doing，哪些接 to do
doing 还是 to do，不是靠中文意思判断，而是由前面的词决定。最可靠的办法是先看前面是不是介词，再看动词属于哪一组。下面是考试和写作中最常用的分组。
- 介词后一律 doing：good at drawing · interested in learning · thank you for coming · without saying goodbye · before leaving。
- 只接 doing 的动词：enjoy, avoid, mind, finish, practise, suggest, consider, admit, deny, imagine, miss, risk, give up, put off, keep (on)。例：She suggested going by train.
- 只接 to do 的动词：want, hope, expect, plan, decide, agree, promise, refuse, afford, manage, fail, pretend, learn, seem。例：He pretended to be asleep.
- would like / would love / would prefer 只接 to do：I'd like to come.
- allow / advise / permit / recommend：带宾语接 to do（allow me to go），不带宾语接 doing（allow smoking）。
- 两种都可以、意思基本不变：like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue。例：It started to rain / It started raining 都对。
- 固定结构接 doing：be worth doing · it's no use doing · there's no point (in) doing · can't help doing · have difficulty (in) doing · spend time (in) doing。
看到 to 先别急着接原形——先问自己：这个 to 后面能不能换成名词？look forward to the holiday 成立，说明 to 是介词，要接 doing。
易错点：意思会变的五个动词
remember、forget、stop、regret、mean 后面两种形式都能接，但意思不同。总的规律是：doing 指已经发生或正在进行的事；to do 指还没发生、将要去做的事（或目的）。题目里一定会有时间线索或上下文，帮你判断是哪一种。
- remember doing（记得做过）：I remember locking the door.（我记得锁过门了）｜remember to do（记得要做）：Remember to lock the door.（记得锁门）
- forget doing（忘了做过）：I'll never forget seeing the sea for the first time.｜forget to do（忘了去做）：I forgot to call her.
- stop doing（不再做）：Stop talking.｜stop to do（停下来去做另一件事）：We stopped to look at the map.
- regret doing（后悔做过）：I regret saying that.｜regret to do（遗憾地告知）：We regret to inform you…
- mean doing（意味着）：This job means travelling a lot.｜mean to do（打算）：I meant to tell you.
- try 也属于这一类：try to do 是「努力去做」，try doing 是「试着做做看（看有没有效果）」，具体选哪个常常取决于说话人的意图，所以测验里没有出这个词。
go on doing 是「继续做同一件事」，go on to do 是「接着做另一件事」——同样是「已在做 vs 下一步」的逻辑。
为什么中国学习者容易选错
中文动词没有形态变化，两个动词连用时第二个动词完全不变：喜欢唱歌、想去、打算买、避免吃、记得关。中文语法根本不需要在「唱」「去」「买」上做任何选择，所以英语里这一步对中国学习者来说是「凭空多出来的」，只能靠记忆和练习建立。
第二个原因是 to 的双重身份。中国学生最早学到的是「to + 动词原形」，于是看到 to 就条件反射地接原形。但 look forward to、be used to、object to、when it comes to 里的 to 都是介词，后面要接 doing。第三，中文「记得」「忘了」「后悔」本身不区分「过去的事」和「将来的事」，要靠「了」「过」或上下文来理解；英语则直接把这个区别写进了 doing / to do 的形式里。
背单词时把搭配一起背：不要只背 avoid = 避免，要背 avoid doing sth；不要只背 hope = 希望，要背 hope to do sth。
常见错误对照
- ✗ I enjoy to read novels. → ✓ I enjoy reading novels. — enjoy 只接 doing。
- ✗ I'm looking forward to see you. → ✓ I'm looking forward to seeing you. — 这里的 to 是介词。
- ✗ You should avoid to eat late at night. → ✓ You should avoid eating late at night. — avoid 只接 doing。
- ✗ I hope seeing you soon. → ✓ I hope to see you soon. — hope 只接 to do。
- ✗ They don't allow to park here. → ✓ They don't allow parking here. / They don't allow people to park here. — allow 不带宾语时接 doing。
- ✗ I'm used to get up early. → ✓ I'm used to getting up early. — be used to 后接 doing。
- ✗ Would you like going with us? → ✓ Would you like to go with us? — would like 只接 to do。
- ✗ This museum is worth to visit. → ✓ This museum is worth visiting. — be worth doing 是固定结构。
三步判断法
- 第一步：前面是介词吗（包括 look forward to、be used to 里的 to）？是 → doing。
- 第二步：前面的动词在「doing 派」还是「to do 派」名单里？按名单选。
- 第三步：是 remember / forget / stop / regret / mean 吗？看上下文：已经做过 → doing；还没做、要去做 → to do。
这三步能解决绝大多数 doing / to do 选择题。剩下的过去分词（done）问题，参见非谓语动词练习。
继续练习
常见问题
like 后面接 doing 还是 to do？
两种都可以，意思基本相同：I like swimming 和 I like to swim 都是标准英语。英式英语里 like doing 更强调「享受这件事本身」，但差别很小，一般情况下两种都算对。真正要注意的是 would like，它只接 to do：I'd like to swim。
怎么判断 to 是介词还是不定式符号？
试着把 to 后面的动词换成一个名词。如果句子依然成立（look forward to the trip、be used to the noise），说明 to 是介词，后面的动词要用 doing。如果换成名词不通（want to the trip），说明 to 是不定式符号，接动词原形。
remember doing 和 remember to do 怎么快速区分？
看动作发生在「记得」之前还是之后。动作已经发生、你现在回想起来，用 remember doing；动作还没发生、需要你记着去做，用 remember to do。forget、regret 的规律相同。